ABSTRACT
Introduction: The European Open Platform for Prescribing Education (EurOP2E) aims to improve and harmonize European clinical pharmacology and therapeutics education by facilitating international collaboration and sharing open educational resources. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced teachers to switch to online teaching, highlighting the need for high-quality online teaching materials. Objectives: The goal of this study was to establish the resources needed to sustain prescribing education during the pandemic and thereafter. Methods: A nominal group technique study was conducted with prescribing teachers from several European countries and combined with thematic analysis. Results: In four meetings, 20 teachers from 15 countries ranked 35 teaching materials. Ten themes were identified: prescribing scenarios;interactivity & gamification;re-usable materials;online case discussions;practical aspects of prescribing;teaching the teacher;knowledge multimedia;topical issues;personalized & evidence-based prescribing;and essential formularies. Conclusion: By making teaching materials related to the learning outcomes of CPT, format of teaching and resource and faculty development openly available, EurOP2E will help to make high-quality prescribing education available to all. The role of the platform will range from facilitating collaboration to educating the teachers and/or providing ready-touse teaching materials.
ABSTRACT
We analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the trade of products between countries. With this aim, using the United Nations Comtrade database, we perform a Google matrix analysis of the multiproduct World Trade Network (WTN) for the years 2018-2020, comprising the emergence of the COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The applied algorithms-PageRank, CheiRank and the reduced Google matrix-take into account the multiplicity of the WTN links, providing new insights into international trade compared to the usual import-export analysis. These complex networks analysis algorithms establish new rankings and trade balances of countries and products considering all countries on equal grounds, independent of their wealth, and every product on the basis of its relative exchanged volumes. In comparison with the pre-COVID-19 period, significant changes in these metrics occurred for the year 2020, highlighting a major rewiring of the international trade flows induced by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. We define a new PageRank-CheiRank product trade balance, either export or import-oriented, which is significantly perturbed by the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Using the United Nations Comtrade database, we perform the Google matrix analysis of the multiproduct World Trade Network (WTN) for the years 2018-2020 comprising the emergence of the COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The applied algorithms -- the PageRank, the CheiRank and the reduced Google matrix -- take into account the multiplicity of the WTN links providing new insights on the international trade comparing to the usual import-export analysis. These algorithms establish new rankings and trade balances of countries and products considering every countries on equal grounds, independently of their wealth, and every products on the basis of their relative exchanged volumes. In comparison with the pre-COVID-19 period, significant changes in these metrics occur for the year 2020 highlighting a major rewiring of the international trade flows induced by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. We define a new PageRank-CheiRank product trade balance, either export or import oriented, which is significantly perturbed by the pandemic.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Today, Romanian universities largely have eLearning platforms generally based on the most popular Moodle-LMS platform or on the most popular collaborative educational platforms designed by Microsoft and Google, which contain mail group modules, virtual classes, video conferencing, presentation and testing. In the context of the pandemic generated by COVID-19, the authors tried to investigate the way in which Romanian society has managed to face this challenge in the field of education. The events followed one another very quickly, and the first thing that crashed was the medical system, quickly followed by the economic environment and then, obviously, education. The authors' research methodology was based on the interpretation of the results of a questionnaire composed of 19 questions and applied to a population of 200 respondents. The survey period was only 24 h, between 29 April 2020 at 1 p.m. and 30 April 2020 at 1 p.m. The investigated population, the respondents, were students of the University of Petrosani undertaking bachelor and master studies for the academic year 2019-2020, but the study could be extrapolated to the Romanian education system.